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浅谈英语中的“许多” |
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枣阳市鹿头中学 谢芝
英语里表示“许多”的词很多，根据它们所修饰的名词大致可以把它们分为以下三类：
一、修饰可数名词的词：
1、修饰单数可数名词的词：
many a、more than one常用来修饰单数可数名词，当它们加名词作主语时，其后的谓语动词要用单数形式。
Many a student has visited the exhibition.
More than one answer is written on the blackboard.
2、修饰复数可数名词的词：
many、a good many、majority、quite a few（a good few 、not a few ）、several、too many、a(great/large)number of、scores of、dozens of 等用来修饰可数名词的复数形式，如果这些修饰词加名词作主语，其后的谓语动词要用复数形式。当dozen与数词或many、several等连用时，不加“s”，所修饰的名词前常省去of；但习惯上在these、those、them、us等前要加of . 而score后面的of一般不省略。
two(many、several)dozen pencils a dozen of these people
two dozen of them
a /three score of eggs scores of books
In winter, a good many animals sleep under the snow.
I have been there scores of times .
She must have cooked a good few dinners over the years.
二、修饰不可数名词的词：
1、much、a great deal of、a great/large amount、a good supply of、too much等用来修饰不可数名词，当它们加名词作主语时，后面的谓语动词要用单数，而large amounts of虽然修饰不可数名词，但当它加名词作主语时，其后的谓语动词常用复数形式。
A large amount of damage was done in a very short time.
Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
三、既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词的词
some、a lot of/lots of、plenty of、a great quantity of、quantities of其中a lot of/oles of、plenty of等加名词作主语，其后的谓语动词的数依据of后面的名词的单复数而定，而a great quantity of 加名词作主语其后的谓语动作用单数，quantities of加名词作主语其后的谓语动词要用复数。
There is plenty of time.
There are plenty of apples in the basket.
Large quantities of food/nuts were on the table.
money was sent
A large quantity of to the schools in poor areas.
books were sent
☆注意几组相关短语的区别
1、too many/too much/much too
There are too many people in the room.
I’m afraid I’ve put you to too much trouble.
The question is much too difficult for me to answer.
2、a number of/the number of
A number of students attend the lecture.
The number of the students in our school is larger than that in yours.
3、a great deal /a great deal of.
A great deal of work awaits us.
She is a great deal better today.
a majority /minority of＋名词的复数形式作主语谓语动词用复数
4． the majority/minority＋名词作主语谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数
the majority/minority of +名词的复数形式作主语谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数
A majority of letters refer to the same problem.
The majority population in this area live/lives in the mountains.
The majority of the books are/is about history.
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